Surgical site infections are the leading cause of nosocomial infections. Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis is defined as the use of antibiotics to prevent infections at the surgical site. The timing of preoperative prophylaxis is crucial in order to ensure the adequate antibiotic concentration in the tissues at the time of surgery. Most of the guidelines support that the beneficial time for prophylaxis is in between 30-60 minute prior to the procedure. The study was designed to assess the relationship between timing of antibiotic administration before surgery and incidence of surgical site infection. Prospectively monitored timing interval between antibiotic prophylaxis and exact time of first surgical incision and studied the occurrence of SSIs in 100 patients who underwent clean and clean-contaminated surgery with the help of a data entry form. Out of 100 patients (55 female and 45 male) 52 belonged to clean and 48 to the clean-contaminated surgery group. Incidence of infection in clean surgical cases was 13% i.e., 6 out of 46 clean procedures. And among clean contaminated cases 26% of infection was there (10 out of 38). The overall incidence of SSI in the study was 16%. Among 71 patients who received the prophylactic antibiotics within one hour of incision, 5% developed SSI whereas of the 29 patients who received prophylactic dose greater than one hour preoperatively 11% had such infections. (Relative risk: 5.41, ?2 = 28.322). 5% readmitted due to infection. Organism was isolated in 15% of patients with an evidence of SSI. S. aureus and pseudomonas was the predominant organism present. Findings from the study confirm that there was a consistent relationship between timing of preoperative antibiotics and incidence of SSI. Study showed that administration preoperative antibiotics within one hour had an effect on decrease in surgical site infection (5%) than those antibiotics administered greater than one hour preoperatively (11%). But there was no statistically significant difference can be found out in administering antibiotics within 0-30 minute compared with prophylactic dose given within 31- 60 minutes.
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